What is a Fissure-in-Ano?
A fissure-in-ano is a small tear or cut in the delicate lining of the anal canal—the passage through which stool exits the body. This condition is common and often painful, especially during or after bowel movements. Anal fissures usually result from trauma to the anal lining and can affect individuals of all ages.
Common Causes of Anal Fissures
Anal fissures typically occur due to increased pressure or injury to the anal canal. Common causes include:
- Passing hard or large stools
- Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements
- Prolonged episodes of diarrhea
- Childbirth (especially vaginal delivery)
- Tight anal sphincter muscles (seen in some individuals)
Symptoms of Anal Fissure
Watch out for the following signs and symptoms:
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Sharp or burning pain during or after bowel movements
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Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool
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A visible tear or cut near the anus
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A small lump or skin tag near the tear (especially in chronic cases)
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Anal muscle spasms that may intensify the pain
Types of Anal Fissures
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Acute Anal Fissure
Recent, shallow tear that usually heals with conservative treatment.
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Chronic Anal Fissure
Persists for more than 6 weeks, often deeper and may be accompanied by a skin tag or sentinel pile.
Treatment Options for Anal Fissure
1. Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatments
These are effective for most acute fissures:
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High-fiber diet and increased water intake
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Stool softeners or mild laxatives
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Warm sitz baths to relax the anal muscles
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Topical anesthetic creams (e.g., lignocaine)
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Vasodilator creams (e.g., nitroglycerin or nifedipine) to improve blood flow
2.Advanced Treatments (For Chronic or Recurrent Fissures)
If symptoms persist despite conservative care, the following options may be considered:
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Botox Injections – Temporarily relax the anal sphincter to aid healing
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Laser Surgery – A minimally invasive option with faster recovery
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Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS) – A minor surgical procedure to release muscle tension and promote healing
How to Prevent Anal Fissures
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Drink at least 8–10 glasses of water daily
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Include fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
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Avoid straining during bowel movements
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Respond to bowel urges without delay
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Maintain regular bowel habits and good anal hygiene
Note: Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent chronic fissures and complications. If you're experiencing persistent anal pain or bleeding, consult a proctologist for a personalized evaluation and treatment plan